[Mar-2026] Updated Kubernetes Application Developer CKAD Exam Questions BUNDLE PACK [Q100-Q122]

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[Mar-2026] Updated Kubernetes Application Developer CKAD Exam Questions BUNDLE PACK

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Q100. Refer to Exhibit.

Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Context
A container within the poller pod is hard-coded to connect the nginxsvc service on port 90 . As this port changes to 5050 an additional container needs to be added to the poller pod which adapts the container to connect to this new port. This should be realized as an ambassador container within the pod.
Tâche
* Update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050.
* Add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod and deploy the enhanced pod. Use the image haproxy and inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg, with a ConfigMap named haproxy-config, mounted into the container so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg. Ensure that you update the args of the poller container to connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint. You must not modify the port of the endpoint in poller’s args . The spec file used to create the initial poller pod is available in /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml

Solution :
To update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050, you will need to edit the service’s definition yaml file. You can use the kubectl edit command to edit the service in place.
kubectl edit svc nginxsvc
This will open the service definition yaml file in your default editor. Change the targetPort of the service to 5050 and save the file.
To add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod, you will need to edit the pod’s definition yaml file located at /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml.
You can add a new container to the pod’s definition yaml file, with the following configuration:
containers:
– name: haproxy
image: haproxy
ports:
– containerPort: 90
volumeMounts:
– name: haproxy-config
mountPath: /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
subPath: haproxy.cfg
args: [“haproxy”, “-f”, “/usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg”]
This will add the HAproxy container to the pod and configure it to listen on port 90. It will also mount the ConfigMap haproxy-config to the container, so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg.
To inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg to the container, you will need to create a ConfigMap using the following command:
kubectl create configmap haproxy-config –from-file=/opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg You will also need to update the args of the poller container so that it connects to localhost instead of nginxsvc. You can do this by editing the pod’s definition yaml file and changing the args field to args: [“poller”,”–host=localhost”].
Once you have made these changes, you can deploy the updated pod to the cluster by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
This will deploy the enhanced pod with the HAproxy container to the cluster. The HAproxy container will listen on port 90 and proxy connections to the nginxsvc service on port 5050. The poller container will connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc, so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint.
Please note that, this is a basic example and you may need to tweak the haproxy.cfg file and the args based on your use case.

Q101. You are deploying a resource-intensive application that requires a large amount of memory and CPU. How would you create a ResourceQuota to limit the resources consumed by this application and prevent it from impacting other workloads in the cluster?

Q102. You have a Deployment named ‘web-apps that runs 3 replicas of a web application container. This application relies on a database service, also deployed as a Deployment named ‘db-service’ You need to implement a sidecar pattern using the ‘initContainer’ feature to ensure that the database service is up and running before the web application container starts. The web application container should only start once the database is reachable.

See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explication :
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the ‘initcontainer’:
– Add a new container definition within the ‘spec.template.spec.initContainerS section of the ‘web-app’ Deployment.
– Name the container as ‘db-checker’
– Specify an image that will be used to perform the database health check. You can use a simple image like ‘busybox’ and install ‘curl’ in the ‘initContainer’ to perform the health check.
– The ‘command’ for the ‘initcontainer’ should run a ‘while’ loop that keeps checking the database service’s health endpoint until it returns a successful status code.
– You can define the health endpoint in the ‘db-service’ Deployment’s service definition.

2. Update the ‘db-service’ Deployment – Ensure that the ‘db-servjce’ Deployment includes a health cneck endpoint in its service definition. – For example, you can expose a health endpoint at ‘http://db-service:5432/health’ in your database service’s configuration. – The health endpoint should return a successful status code (e.g., 200) if the database is running and ready. – If the database is not reachable, the endpoint should return an error code.

3. Apply the changes: – Apply the updated ‘web-app’ and ‘db-service’ Deployment YAML files to your Kubernetes cluster using ‘kubectl apply’ 4. Verify the implementation: – Once the Deployment iS updated, verity that the ‘web-app’ pods only start atter the ‘db-service’ pods are ready. – You can observe the ‘initcontainer’ logs tor the ‘db-checker’ container to confirm that the health checks are being performed. – You can also monitor the ‘db-service’ pods to ensure they are in a ‘Running’ state. This setup will ensure that the ‘web-app’ containers will not start until the ‘db-service’ is reachable and healthy. This ensures that the web application has access to the database and can function properly.,

Q103. You are deploying a new application named ‘ecommerce-app’ that requires 10 replicas. You want to implement a rolling update strategy that ensures only two pods are unavailable at any given time, while also allowing for the creation of three new poos simultaneously.

Q104. You have a Deployment named ‘my-app-deployment’ running three replicas of an application container. You need to implement a rolling update strategy were only one pod is updated at a time. Additionally, you need to ensure tnat tne update process is triggered automatically whenever a new image is pushed to your private Docker registry.

Q105. You have a microservice application that relies on a Redis cacne for data retrieval. Design a multi-container Pod that incorporates a Redis sidecar container to provide local caching within the Pod. Ensure that the main application container can access the Redis sidecar container within the same Pod Namespace Without needing to communicate with an external Redis cluster.

Q106. You are running a critical application on Kubernetes, and your security team has mandated the use of Pod Security Policies (PSPs) to enhance the security posture of your cluster. You have a Deployment that uses a privileged container for certain tasks. However, PSPs restrict the use of privileged containers. Describe how you can address this challenge while adhering to the security requirements imposed by PSPs.

Q107. You are deploying a web application that uses a separate database pod. The database pod is managed by a StatefulSet, and the web application pods need to access the database using tne database pod’S nostname. Explain how you can configure the web application pods to access the database pod using the hostname provided by the StatefulSet.

Q108. Context

Context
You have been tasked with scaling an existing deployment for availability, and creating a service to expose the deployment within your infrastructure.
Tâche
Start with the deployment named kdsn00101-deployment which has already been deployed to the namespace kdsn00101 . Edit it to:
* Add the func=webFrontEnd key/value label to the pod template metadata to identify the pod for the service definition
* Have 4 replicas
Next, create ana deploy in namespace kdsn00l01 a service that accomplishes the following:
* Exposes the service on TCP port 8080
* is mapped to me pods defined by the specification of kdsn00l01-deployment
* Is of type NodePort
* Has a name of cherry

Q109. You are building a new web application that utilizes a microservice architecture- One of the microservices, ‘recommendation-service’, is responsible for providing personalized product recommendations to users.
This service uses a machine learning model for generating recommendations based on user purchase history and browsing behavior. The model is trained offline and its weights are stored in a ‘model-store’ service.
Design a mufti-container Pod for the ‘recommendation-service’ that incorporates the following considerations:
– The Pod should include a primary container for the ‘recommendation-service’ application.
– The Pod should include a secondary container that runs the ‘model-store’ service to provide access to the trained model weights.
– Both containers should share a common volume to ensure that the model weights are available to the ‘recommendation-service’ container-
– The recommendation-service’ snould be able to access the model weignts from the ‘model-store’ container witnout relying on a network call to another service-
– The recommendation-service’ container should be configured to periodically update the model weights from the ‘model-store’ container when a new version of the model is available.

See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explication :
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the Deployment YAML:
– Define a Deployment with the name ‘recommendation-service’
– Set the replicas to for redundancy and scalability.
– Specify the labels Sapp: recommendation-service’ for selecting the Pods in the Deployment.
– Create a ‘template’ section to define the Pod specificatiom

2. Deploy the Resources: – Apply the Deployment using ‘kubectl apply -f deployment-yamp 3. Verify the Deployment: – Check the status of the Deployment using ‘kubectl get deployments recommendation-service and ensure that three Pods are running. 4. Contigure the ‘recommendation-service’ – Modify the ‘recommendation-service application to load the model weights from the specified path ClmodeVIatest-modeI_weightS). – Implement a mechanism within the ‘recommendation-service to periodically check tor updated model weights in the shared volume. 5. Configure the ‘model-store service: – Ensure that the model-store service is properly configured to store and retrieve the model weights. – Implement a mechanism in the ‘model-store’ service to notify the ‘recommendation-service when a new model version is available. This notification can be achieved using a shared volume or a separate messaging system. 6. Test the Application: – Send requests to the ‘recommendation-service’ to generate recommendations. – Monitor the ‘model-store’ service and the shared volume to verify that the model weights are being updated correctly and the recommendation- service’ is using the latest model version. Important Considerations: – Ensure that the ‘recommendation-service’ application is properly configured to access and load the model weights from the shared volume. – Implement a robust model management strategy, including versioning and rollback mechanisms, to ensure that the recommendation-service always uses the appropriate model. – Consider using a dedicated model store service that provides a dedicated API for retrieving and updating model weights. This can simplify the communication between the ‘recommendation-service’ and the model store. – Monitor the performance and resource usage of both services to ensure optimal performance.,

Q110. You are building a container image for a Python application that requires a specific version of the ‘requests’ library. Explain how you would incorporate the ‘requests’ library into your Dockerfile and ensure that the application can access and use it within the container.

Q111. You are running a web application on a Kubernetes cluster, and you want to ensure that thecontainer running your application is protected from potential security vulnerabilities. You are specifically concerned about unauthorized access to the container’s filesystem. Explain how you would implement AppArmor profiles to restrict access to the container’s filesystem.

Q112. You are building a microservice called ‘order-service’ that handles order processing. You need to configure a Securitycontext for the ‘order-service’ container tnat ensures it can access the network to communicate With other services and access specific hostPath volumes, but it should not have root privileges.

Q113. You are deploying a web application with a separate database container. You need to implement a proxy container that handles requests from the web server and forwards them to the database container. The proxy container should also log all incoming requests to a dedicated log file within the Pod.

Q114. You are building a microservice that relies on a third-party API for its functionality_ To ensure the reliability and performance of your microservice, you need to implement a robust strategy tor handling API calls. Design a deployment strategy that addresses potential issues with the third-pany API and ensures the stability of your microservice.

See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explication :
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Use a Deployment:
– Deploy your microservice using a Deployment. Deployments provide a robust mechanism for managing and scaling your microservices, making it easy to update and manage your application.

2. Secure API Credentials: – Store API credentials (like API keys or tokens) securely using a Kubernetes Secret. This prevents credentials from being exposed in plain text within your deployments.

3. Implement Retry Mechanisms: – Add retry logic to your code to handle transient errors (like network hiccups or temporary service outages) during API calls. This helps ensure that your microservice can recover from temporary issues and continue functioning. 4. Utilize Rate Limiting: – Implement rate limiting to prevent your microservice from ovenvhelming the third-party API. This helps protect both your microservice and the API from performance degradation- 5. Use a Circuit Breaker Pattern: – Integrate a circuit breaker pattern into your API call handling. This pattern helps prevent cascading failures by automatically stopping requests to the third-party API it it is experiencing prolonged outages or errors- 6. Consider a Proxy or Gateway: – Implement a proxy or gateway layer between your microservice and the third-party API. This layer can help with request routing, load balancing, security, and performance optimization. 7. Monitor API Calls: – Implement monitoring and logging to track API call performance and identify potential issues. This allows you to proactively identify and address problems before they impact your microservice’s reliability 8. Utilize Caching: – Consider caching API responses to reduce the load on the third-party API and improve the response time of your microservice. 9. Implement Fallbacks: – Have fallback mechanisms in place if the third-party API is unavailable. This could involve returning default data or using alternative data sources to provide a degraded but functional experience. 10. Consider Using a Service Mesh: – For complex microservice architectures, consider implementing a service mesh like Istio. Service meshes provide features like traffic management, security, observability, and resilience, which can be very beneficial for managing interactions with third-party APIs.,

Q115. You are developing a microservices application consisting of several deployments. One of the deployments, named ‘order-service- deployments , is responsible for processing orders. Each order requires a specific backend service to process the order. You need to design a mechanism that automatically assigns an appropriate backend service to each order processing pod based on the order type. For example, orders for “books” should be assigned to the ‘book-service’ backend, while orders for “electronics” should be assigned to the ‘electronics-service backend. Explain how you would implement this dynamic backend service assignment mechanism.

Q116. You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment named ‘wordpress-deployment running 3 replicas of a WordPress container. You want to expose this deployment as a service and ensure that the service only forwards traffic to the pods With the label ‘version: v?. You need to create a service with the following requirements:
– The service name should be swordpress-service’
– The service should be of type ‘Load8alancer’ for external access.
– The service should only target pods with the label ‘version: v?
– The service should expose port 80 on tne service, wmch maps to port 8080 in the WordPress container.

Q117. You are building a Kubernetes application tnat requires persistent storage for its dat a. The application needs to be able to access the data even if the pod is restarted or deleted. You have a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) defined for this purpose.

Q118.

Context
You are tasked to create a ConfigMap and consume the ConfigMap in a pod using a volume mount.
Tâche
Please complete the following:
* Create a ConfigMap named another-config containing the key/value pair: key4/value3
* start a pod named nginx-configmap containing a single container using the nginx image, and mount the key you just created into the pod under directory /also/a/path See the solution below.

Q119. You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment named ‘wordpress-deployment running 3 replicas of a WordPress container. You want to expose this deployment as a service and ensure that the service only forwards traffic to the pods With the label ‘version: v?. You need to create a service with the following requirements:
– The service name should be swordpress-service’
– The service should be of type ‘Load8alancer’ for external access.
– The service should only target pods with the label ‘version: v?
– The service should expose port 80 on tne service, wmch maps to port 8080 in the WordPress container.

Q120. Refer to Exhibit.

Task:
1) First update the Deployment cka00017-deployment in the ckad00017 namespace:
*To run 2 replicas of the pod
*Add the following label on the pod:
Role userUI
2) Next, Create a NodePort Service named cherry in the ckad00017 nmespace exposing the ckad00017-deployment Deployment on TCP port 8888

Q121. You’re building a microservice architecture that uses a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple instances of a service. You want to implement a health check mechanism that ensures only healthy instances receive traffic. Design a solution using Kubernetes Liveness probes and a service With a health check configuration.

Q122.

Task:
Modify the existing Deployment named broker-deployment running in namespace quetzal so that its containers.
1) Run with user ID 30000 and
2) Privilege escalation is forbidden
The broker-deployment is manifest file can be found at: